## Винительный падеж - неодушевлённых существительных Accusative case transforms the way we say certain nouns when an action is directed to this noun. For example, "to read a **book**" -> "читать книг**у**" There are then slightly different rules for subjects versus objects, different endings etc. I.E. Inanimate vs animate objects. Verbs this may impact: * ИЗУЧАТЬ * ЧИТАТЬ * ЛЮБИТЬ * ПИСАТЬ * СМОТРЕТЬ * СЛУШАТЬ ### Rules: 1. Masculine inanimate nouns -> Ending doesn't change 2. Neutral nouns -> Ending doesn't change 3. Feminine nouns that end with ь -> Ending doesn't change 1. Masculine animate nouns -> Add **А** or **Я** - E.G. студент -> студент**а** 2. Feminine animate and inanimate nouns ending with **а** are replaced by **у** and ending with **я** are replaced by **ю** - E.G. книг**а** -> книг**у** - E.G. стать**я** -> стать**ю** ### Inanimate | | Именительный падеж (Nominative) | Винительный падеж (Accusative) | Notes | | ------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------- | | **ОН** | журнал | Я читаю **журнал** | Stays the same | | | словарь | Я читаю **словарь** | Stays the same | | **ОНА** | книга | Я читаю **книгу** | а -> у | | | статья | Я читаю **статью** | я -> ю | | | лошадь | лошадь | Stays the same | | **ОНО** | письмо | Я читаю **письмо** | Stays the same | | | задание | Я читаю **задание** | Stays the same | | **ОНИ** | стихи | Я читаю **стихи** | Stays the same | ### Animate | | Именительный падеж (Nominative) | Винительный падеж (Accusative) | Notes | | ------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------- | | **ОН** | студент | студент**а** | +а | | | Серге**й** | Серге**я** | й -> я | | | преподавател**ь** | преподавател**я** | | | **ОНА** | книга | Я читаю **книгу** | а -> у | | | статья | Я читаю **статью** | я -> ю | | | мыш**ь** | мыш**ь** | Stays the same | | **ОНИ** | -- | -- | -- (в А2) | --- ### Next thing Verbs that contain "ова" or "Ева" ова -> у (Normal ending) Ева -> у (Normal ending) E.G. рис**ова**ть -> Я рис**у**ю <br> When an **animate** object is accused, conjugate the object as the following (**Doesn't apply to inanimate**): ![[Pasted image 20240404220157.png]] Example of verbs which may accuse an **animate** object: * ЧИТАТЬ - read * ЛЮБИТЬ * СМОТРЕТЬ на * СЛУШАТЬ - listen * знать - know * видеть - see кто = ког**о** - when used in a question **accusing** animate objects == There is no concept of "it" you will always use "he" or "she" based on the gender of the noun. For example "I look at work. but I don't do it" will be "I look at work but I don't do her" because work is a femine noun. --- - потому что - Because - поэтому - That's why ---